26 Best Tourist Attractions in Turkey, with its ancient history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking landscapes, is home to numerous renowned destinations that attract millions of visitors every year.
Over the course of its history, Turkey has been shaped by various civilizations, including the Armenians, Romans, and Greeks. As a part of the Ottoman Empire, which held dominion over vast territories spanning Asia, Europe, and Africa for six centuries, Turkey’s heritage is truly diverse.
Whether it’s the enchanting experience of a hot air balloon ride that has captivated social media or the exploration of the mist-covered mountains in the Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey offers a plethora of activities for all. However, the country has even more to offer beyond these popular attractions.
Turkey’s rich archaeological discoveries, such as the remarkable Lycian tombs, make it a haven for history enthusiasts and curious minds fascinated by ancient civilizations. Additionally, the iconic skyline of Istanbul adorned with domes and minarets, as well as the stunning Mediterranean beaches, are among the many other tourist attractions that await exploration in this captivating country.
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara
Situated on the southern part of Ankara Castle in Turkey’s capital, the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations occupies two buildings from the Ottoman era.
The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations offers a remarkable opportunity to delve into the intricate history of Turkey. Its exceptional exhibits showcase original artifacts from various indigenous archaeological sites, allowing visitors to gain a comprehensive understanding of the country’s past. The museum’s exhibits are thoughtfully arranged in chronological order, facilitating an effortless learning experience. As visitors journey through different periods, they will encounter awe-inspiring artifacts such as the museum’s cuneiform tablets, which date back to 2 BC.
Marvel at intricately carved stone slabs from the ancient city of Arslantepe, a site that has stood for over 8,000 years. Admire the horse bits and shields crafted by the skilled metalworkers of Anatolia, the Urartians. The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations offers a wealth of knowledge and visual wonders, enabling visitors to grasp the ancient history of Turkey in its entirety.
Lycian Tombs in Fethiye
The ancient Lycian Tombs, discovered in Fethiye, were specifically constructed for the kings and queens of that time. These tombs, which date back to approximately 350 BC, are a remarkable example of architectural brilliance as they were built into the side of a mountain, providing a breathtaking view of the city of Fethiye below.
The Lycians, who inhabited the region of Lycia, a prosperous state along the Mediterranean Sea, from around 1400 BC to 546 BC, held the belief that winged creatures transported the deceased to the afterlife. Placing the Lycian Tombs in the cliffside was a way to bring the revered departed closer to heaven.
Embarking on a river cruise to witness these tombs is a highly popular activity in Turkey. The entrance of the Lycian Tombs in Fethiye is adorned with towering Classical columns, creating a captivating sight. However, the interiors of the tombs have been largely emptied by looters over the years, leaving them relatively bare.
Mardin Old Town
Mardin, a city with a rich history and stunning architecture, is located near the Mesopotamian plains and north of the Syrian border. In Mardin’s Old Town, there are numerous captivating activities to engage in, such as a visit to the Mardin Museum situated in the ancient town square. This museum showcases remarkable exhibits that delve into the various cultures that have thrived in Mardin over the centuries. Overlooking the entirety of Mardin is the Mardin Castle, also known as Eagle’s Nest, which has stood for 3,000 years.
The Mardin stone houses, with their captivating Arab-style architecture, are strategically positioned in a step-like manner to offer panoramic views of the northern Syrian plains while ensuring that they do not obstruct each other’s sightlines. These stone houses contribute to the enchanting ambiance of the historic area, attracting visitors from far and wide who wish to wander through the streets of Mardin’s Old Town, surrounded by breathtaking architecture and authentic design.
Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, one of the world’s largest and oldest covered markets, is a must-visit destination for tourists. Established in 1461 during the Ottoman rule, this market has grown over the years to become a renowned attraction. With its wide range of offerings, including traditional hand-loomed carpets and captivating storytelling experiences from the sellers, the Grand Bazaar never fails to impress.
Spanning over 4,000 stores, the Grand Bazaar is not just a shopping hub but also houses essential facilities such as a police station, banks, cafes, a post office, and even a mosque. Exploring the labyrinthine alleys of this market is an adventure in itself, as you discover traditional textiles, historical antiques, magical lanterns, Turkish rugs, and countless other unique treasures. It’s easy to lose track of time while immersing yourself in the rich history and culture of this remarkable market.
Uludag National Park
Uludağ National Park, situated near Istanbul and Bursa, boasts Mount Uludag, the highest peak in the Marmara region. In ancient times, it was referred to as Olympos Misios or Mount Olympus, a mythical dwelling place of Zeus and other deities.
Renowned as a top-notch destination for both winter sports and summer activities, Uludağ National Park attracts over a million visitors each year. The world’s longest cable car, Uludağ Teleferik, links Bursa city to the national park and the nearby ski resort, offering visitors a chance to marvel at the breathtaking landscapes of Mount Uludag.
Engage in skiing, hiking, and exploring the natural marvels of Uludağ National Park. Keep an eye out for its diverse range of indigenous plant and animal species. Afterwards, venture towards the tranquil Softabogan Waterfall, a hidden gem where locals and tourists alike indulge in swimming and unwinding amidst nature. Lastly, join fellow skiing enthusiasts on the slopes, gracefully descending the mountainside enveloped by snow and majestic fir trees.
Pergamon Acropolis
Pergamon, a once prosperous Greek city, now houses the Acropolis of Pergamum, which overlooks the town center of Bergama. This archaeological site is highly esteemed in Turkey, boasting remarkable temples and a charming theater amidst the ancient remains. Notably, the Temple of Trajan, adorned with marble columns, stands as the sole Roman monument within the Pergamon Acropolis.
Commissioned by the Roman emperor Trajan and later completed by his successor, Hadrian, the Temple of Trajan served as a place of worship for both the rulers and Zeus. Additionally, it aimed to strengthen the bond between Rome and the people of Pergamon. Other intriguing historical structures found at the Pergamon Acropolis include the Hellenistic theatre, the Temple of Dionysus, and the Altar of Zeus.
Ruins of Troy
The ancient city of Troy may no longer stand, but its remnants are now accessible for exploration, offering a remarkable journey back to the era of the renowned Trojan War and the enigmatic Trojan Horse.
Homer immortalized the tale of Troy in his epic poem, The Iliad, recounting the exploits of the legendary Achilles and the fateful siege that ultimately led to the Trojans’ defeat at the hands of the Greeks. However, what was once considered a mere myth was unveiled as reality in 1870, when an archaeologist unearthed the actual city of Troy.
Situated along the Turkish Aegean coast, near the village of Tevfikiye, lie the captivating Ruins of Troy. This renowned tourist destination allows visitors to wander through the ancient remains, marvel at a replica of the Trojan Horse, and explore the fascinating Troy Museum. Within the museum, a treasure trove of archaeological discoveries from Troy and its neighboring sites are meticulously preserved and put on display.
Side
Situated on the southern Mediterranean coast, between Alanya and Antalya, Side is a captivating city that attracts visitors with its remarkable ancient ruins, renowned resorts, and an abundance of activities to partake in.
Side, an ancient port city, possesses a natural allure that combines the blissful ambiance of sunshine and sandy beaches with the awe-inspiring presence of ancient architecture and archaeological sites. Its origins can be traced back to 7 BCE, swiftly establishing itself as a significant trading hub in the region. Throughout its history, Side has been influenced by various leaders and cultures, including the renowned Alexander the Great.
Embark on a journey to the ancient Roman-style theater located in Side’s Old Town, which dates back to 2 AD and once hosted thrilling gladiator fights. Delve into the remarkable collection of ancient artifacts at the Side Archaeological Museum, showcasing treasures sourced from Side and nearby excavation sites.
Alternatively, immerse yourself in the tranquility of Side’s turquoise beaches, where you can spend a day unwinding under the sun and reveling in the beauty of nature. Afterwards, venture to Side’s Old Town market to peruse a variety of Turkish goods, such as jewelry and clothing, perfect for bringing back cherished souvenirs.
Topkapi Palace
The Topkapi Palace, located in Istanbul’s Fatih district, was originally built in the 15th century by Sultan Mehmed II. It served as the residence for sultans until the 17th century. However, after the downfall of the Ottoman Empire in 1923, the palace underwent a transformation and was converted into a museum. Today, it stands as a magnificent testament to Turkey’s rich history and opulence.
As a popular tourist destination, the Topkapi Palace attracts over three million visitors annually. It offers a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the sultans through its extensive exhibitions. Visitors can marvel at the exquisite collection of kaftans, portraits, sacred relics, and even the famous Spoonmaker’s Diamond, which happens to be the world’s fifth-largest diamond.
One of the highlights of the palace is the Harem section, which served as the private residence for the sultans and their concubines. Here, visitors can admire the intricate beauty of the handmade Iznik tiles, renowned for their exceptional quality.
The grandeur of the Topkapi Palace extends beyond its exhibitions. Its expansive courtyards, lush gardens, and intricate architecture add to its allure. A visit to this grand museum is a journey through time, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the splendor and magnificence of Turkey’s past.
Goreme Open-Air Museum
The Goreme Open-Air Museum, situated in Cappadocia, houses a remarkable assortment of intricately carved rock churches, some of which trace their origins back to the 10th-12th centuries. These churches flourished under the guidance of Saint Basil of Caesarea, one of the prominent Cappadocian Fathers, who played a pivotal role in the development of early Christian theology.
A significant number of these early churches showcase breathtaking Byzantine art that embellishes the walls and ceilings, portraying various scenes from the Bible. These artistic depictions served as a visual aid for the illiterate followers. Among the renowned churches in the Goreme Open-Air Museum is the Apple Church, also known as Elmali Kilise. This church, dating back to approximately 1050, boasts a multitude of frescoes portraying biblical scenes, including The Last Supper.
Bodrum Castle
Situated on a rugged peninsula along the southwest coast, Bodrum Castle, also referred to as the Castle of St. Peter, was erected by Crusader knights during the 15th century to safeguard against the Seljuk Turks. Today, this castle stands as a renowned attraction in Bodrum, housing the world-famous Museum of Underwater Archaeology, which showcases remarkable discoveries from shipwrecks and ancient civilizations beneath the sea.
The castle’s sturdy walls remain remarkably intact, accompanied by impressive towers and turrets that emanate a captivatingly medieval and fairy tale-like ambiance. Stepping inside, one can almost transport themselves to the era of knights patrolling the castle, defending against invaders, while also serving as a sanctuary for Christians in Asia Minor.
Each of the castle’s four towers bears the name of the nations responsible for their construction: German, English, French, and Italian towers. Following the Ottoman conquest of the castle during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, it was repurposed as a prison in 1895.
Kaymakli Underground City
The Kaymakli Underground City, located within the citadel of Kaymakli near Nevsehir, is renowned as one of the most well-known underground cities. It is believed to have been established approximately around 2,000 BCE.
During ancient times, this underground city was known as Enegup. Throughout history, it served as a refuge for individuals seeking safety during the Arab-Byzantine wars, gradually expanding to become the widest underground city in Turkey.
Currently, only the first four levels out of the total eight are accessible to the public. The upper levels were inhabited by wealthier families. As you explore the Kaymakli Underground City, you will come across kitchens, houses, stables, and even a church. This allows you to envision how ancient communities lived within the intricate maze of one of Cappadocia’s oldest underground cities.
Patara Beach
Patara Beach, located near the ancient Lycian town of Patara, is renowned as Turkey’s widest and longest beach. Its golden sand dunes and picturesque vistas create a captivating ambiance. Notably, this beach holds historical significance as it was the birthplace of St Nicholas, the Byzantine bishop who later became the legendary figure of Santa Claus.
Patara Beach is a well-known tourist destination, attracting visitors with its vast expanse of honey-colored sand that resembles a desert rather than a typical beach. The surrounding area remains largely undeveloped, providing a tranquil setting for those seeking peace and serenity. If you time your visit correctly, you can witness the enchanting spectacle of the sunset descending below the waterline, offering a truly magical experience.
In addition to its natural beauty, Patara also boasts ancient Lycian and Roman ruins located inland from the beach. Exploring these historical sites can make for a fulfilling day trip, allowing you to immerse yourself in the rich heritage of Patara. Take the opportunity to relax and unwind on the sandy shores of Patara Beach, while also delving into the fascinating remnants of the past, such as the necropolis and basilica, to truly embrace the best of both worlds.
Lake Van
Lake Van, the largest lake in Turkey and the second largest in the Middle East, is situated close to the Iran border. In ancient times, it was referred to as Arsissa Lacus or Thospitis Lacus and was formed by a volcanic eruption from Mount Nemrut. Within the southern part of Lake Van, there are four small islands that hold significant archaeological value. Among these islands, Akdamar Island stands out as a popular tourist destination due to its well-preserved Church of the Holy Cross and other monastery ruins dating back to the 10th century.
Beneath the waters of Lake Van, an astonishing discovery of an underwater castle has been made, sparking intense discussions among archaeologists and scholars. This accidental find further enhances the already rich history of Turkey, a land steeped in thousands of years of culture, stories, and historical significance.
Sumela Monastery
The Sumela Monastery, situated on the edge of Mela Mountain in the Pontic Mountains, is a historic Orthodox monastery constructed in the 4th century. After being abandoned in 1923, it was transformed into a cherished museum and popular tourist destination.
Within the walls of the Sumela Monastery and museum, visitors can admire the awe-inspiring frescoes that date back to the 18th century. These ancient artworks depict various biblical scenes, including representations of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary.
The breathtaking surroundings of the Sumela Monastery, combined with the scenic hike leading to its location, are truly remarkable. Whether enveloped in a tranquil atmosphere on misty days or treated to magnificent views of the mountains and waterfalls on sunny days, this monastery is perfectly situated for visitors to immerse themselves in both nature and history.
Olüdeniz
Olüdeniz, located on the southwest coast of Turkey, is renowned for its mesmerizing blue lagoon. This village and resort town offer a plethora of activities that will leave you spellbound. One of the most popular things to do here is paragliding, where you can soar above Olüdeniz and witness breathtaking views of the mountains and the azure sea.
Make sure to visit the iconic Blue Lagoon, which is not only famous but also a national conservation site. Its tranquil waters provide the perfect setting for swimming, kayaking, paddleboarding, and snorkeling.
For a unique adventure, consider diving in Olüdeniz’s archaeological diving sites. There are several educational diving schools where you can learn the art of diving or embark on an underwater exploration. Additionally, don’t miss the opportunity to join a boat trip to the nearby Blue Cave, known for its striking blue hues and its formation from limestone rock.
Ephesus
Ephesus, a city located near Selcuk, holds a significant place in history as an ancient metropolis and the former capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. Its establishment can be traced back to 4 BCE when Lysimachos, a military general under Alexander the Great, founded it. The city boasts a rich collection of ruins, including notable landmarks such as the Temple of Artemis, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Among the various ruins, visitors can explore the Basilica of St. John, the House of the Virgin Mary, and the Mosque of Isa Bey. These sites offer glimpses into the city’s diverse cultural and religious heritage. Additionally, the Great Theater, originally dating back to the Hellenistic era, was later renovated by the Romans into a magnificent three-story amphitheater. It served as a social gathering place and witnessed thrilling gladiator fights. Another architectural marvel is the Library of Celsus, constructed by Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, a prominent member of the Roman Senate. This grand Roman library featured an impressive arched entrance and Corinthian columns, making it one of the largest libraries of its time.
Aspendos Theater
The ancient city of Aspendos, located not far from Antalya, is home to the renowned Aspendos Theater, a significant historical landmark and popular tourist destination.
Constructed during the reign of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, the Aspendos Theater stands as one of the most well-preserved ancient theaters from antiquity. Its grandeur and magnificence reflect the opulence and prosperity of the ancient city.
Impressively, this theater had the capacity to accommodate a staggering number of spectators, ranging between 15,000 and 20,000 individuals. Over time, the stage area was repurposed as a caravanserai during the Seljuk era, leading to continuous repairs and maintenance.
In the present day, the Aspendos Theater has returned to its original purpose and serves as the venue for the annual Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival. This event showcases the theater’s exceptional acoustics and intricate architectural design, further highlighting its significance and allure.
Pamukkale
Pamukkale, known as the “cotton castle” in Turkish, presents an extraordinary landscape in western Turkey renowned for its white terraces. These terraces, composed of travertine, a sedimentary rock formed by water with a high mineral content, have captivated people for centuries.
For thousands of years, individuals have indulged in bathing within the pools of Pamukkale. The ancient Greek city of Hierapolis was constructed atop the hot springs by the kings of Pergamon, further enhancing the allure of this remarkable site.
Beneath the ancient city of Hierapolis lies a natural marvel, where these rock formations metamorphose into a cascading water fountain. The water originates from ancient hot springs, which, over countless millennia, have contributed to the creation of the shell-shaped terrace pools.
Above the mesmerizing white travertine pools of Pamukkale stands the renowned Cleopatra’s Antique Pool. This pool, once graced by the presence of Cleopatra herself, boasts warm and crystal-clear water, surrounded by Roman ruins that include fallen columns and intricately carved stones, offering a captivating exploration opportunity.
Blue Mosque
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, also known as the Blue Mosque, is a renowned tourist destination that captivates visitors all year round. Situated adjacent to the iconic Hagia Sophia, this grand and awe-inspiring architectural masterpiece stands as a testament to the Ottoman Empire’s prosperity and accomplishments over the centuries. Distinguished by its six minarets, the Blue Mosque was constructed in the early 16th century. Its interior is adorned with an impressive display of 20,000 blue tiles, creating a mesmerizing ambiance. While it serves as an active place of worship, the mosque warmly welcomes the public, except during the 90-minute prayer sessions.
Mount Nemrut
Mount Nemrut, located in the Eastern Taurus Mountains, is renowned for housing the burial mound of King Antiochus I from the Kingdom of Commagene. Commagene, an ancient Armenian kingdom, became part of the Roman empire in 72 AD. King Antiochus I was the kingdom’s most notable ruler. The funerary mound showcases sculptures of the king, various gods, lions, and eagles. The king specifically ordered the dedication of the mound to ensure his deification and worship alongside the depicted gods.
Over time, the heads of the sculptures have fallen from their bodies and now lie scattered across the site. The summit of Mount Nemrut offers a breathtaking view of the surrounding mountains. The highlight of the visit is observing the sunrise from the eastern terrace, which casts a captivating orange glow on the headless statues and enhances the enigmatic ambiance of the place.
Hot Air Balloon Ride in Cappadocia
Cappadocia, located southeast of Ankara, is renowned as one of the premier destinations worldwide for experiencing a breathtaking hot air balloon ride. Its captivating allure lies in the panoramic vistas it offers, with its sprawling valleys and peculiar rock formations providing picturesque 360-degree viewpoints.
Within this region, you will find prominent tourist towns like Goreme and Urgup, which serve as gateways to this extraordinary experience. The hot air balloon season in Cappadocia remains open throughout the year, allowing visitors to indulge in this exhilarating activity at any time. As the sun begins to rise, a total of 100 hot air balloons are authorized to ascend into the sky. Subsequently, every half hour after sunrise, an additional 50 balloons are granted permission to take flight. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure punctuality for your hot air balloon reservation, so as not to miss out on this remarkable opportunity.
Undoubtedly, embarking on a hot air balloon trip in Cappadocia is among the most highly recommended activities in Turkey. To avoid disappointment, it is advisable to secure your reservation well in advance, guaranteeing your participation in this unparalleled adventure.
Hagia Sophia
Situated adjacent to the Blue Mosque in Istanbul, the Hagia Sophia was initially built as a basilica under the patronage of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I during the sixth century. This architectural masterpiece, a testament to Roman engineering, boasts a colossal dome measuring 31 meters (102 feet) in diameter, which once encompassed the largest enclosed space in the world for over a millennium.
In 1204, the church fell victim to looting by the fourth Crusaders, and in the 15th century, following the Ottoman conquest of the city, it was transformed into a mosque. However, in 1935, the Hagia Sophia underwent a conversion into a museum and has since become one of Turkey’s most prominent tourist attractions.
Visitors now have the opportunity to marvel at the architectural wonders of the Hagia Sophia, whose name translates to “Holy Wisdom.” Within its walls, one can find columns and marble sourced from ancient city ruins in Syria and Anatolia, including the exquisite pink marble from Afyon. The Hagia Sophia is adorned with unique mosaics, such as the VI Leon mosaic depicting Pantaktrator Jesus on the Emperor’s Gate, which dates back to the 6th century and was exclusively used by the Emperor.
Ani Ruins
The Ani Ruins, situated across the Akhurian River from Armenia, are the remnants of the former metropolis of Ani, an ancient city of Armenia.
Founded more than 1,600 years ago, Ani gained fame as “the city of a thousand and one churches.” During the 11th century, this walled city provided protection to over 100,000 inhabitants and thrived economically. However, Ani faced numerous conquests, harassment, and attacks, which eventually led to its complete abandonment by the 1700s.
Within the Ani Ruins, visitors can explore over 30 caves, 50 churches, and 20 chapels. Ongoing excavations continue to reveal additional historic structures. Upon reaching the Ani Ruins, one is greeted by the imposing city walls that have withstood the test of time.
Beyond the walls lies one of the most cherished structures within the Ani Ruins, the Cathedral. This grand edifice, the largest remaining building in Ani, is a domed basilica adorned with pointed arches and clustered piers. As sunlight filters through the gaps in its partially collapsed structure, the Cathedral exudes a captivating aura.
Duden Waterfalls, Antalya
The Duden Waterfalls in Antalya consist of two sections: the Upper Duden Waterfall and the Lower Duden Waterfall. The Upper Duden Waterfall, also known as Alexander Falls, is a popular spot for recreation, surrounded by lush greenery and emitting a natural and invigorating atmosphere. Legend has it that Alexander the Great allowed his horses to drink from this waterfall during his travels through the area. Behind the Upper Duden Waterfall, there are caves where visitors can admire the cascading water from below.
On the other hand, the Lower Duden Waterfall, also referred to as Karpuzkaldiran Selalesi or the watermelon raising waterfall, is located in the Lara District within Duden Park. This magnificent waterfall offers breathtaking views and can be observed from a boat, the nearby sidewalk, or from Duden Park itself. It is a captivating display of nature’s beauty and strength. The Lower Duden Waterfall originates from the Duden River, one of the largest rivers in southern Anatolia, and gracefully pours its waters into the sea below.
Göbekli Tepe is one of the 26 Best Tourist Attractions in Turkey
Göbekli Tepe, also known as “Potbelly Hill,” is an archaeological site of great significance, dating back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. It is renowned for being the location where the world’s oldest megaliths were unearthed, predating Stonehenge by approximately 6,000 years.
Situated in the Germus Mountains, northeast of Sanliurfa, this site has revealed structures constructed by hunter-gatherers between 9,600 and 8,000 BCE. These structures are believed to have been associated with various rituals.
The Sanliurfa Museum showcases a remarkable collection of artifacts excavated from Göbekli Tepe. Visitors have the opportunity to explore the site, which is recognized as the oldest temple in the world. They can witness archaeologists in action as they continue to uncover monumental archaeological and historical discoveries. Additionally, a small museum at Göbekli Tepe offers visitors the chance to view captivating 3D animations of the site and delve deeper into the rich history of this remarkable location.
